1. The French
   The Chinese
2. Aboriginal peoples
   The English

Before Europe began to colonize Canada, aboriginal people had lived in the area for thousands of years. Called The First Nations, these include the Cree, Algonquin, Saulteaux and others.

1. Old Canada
   New France
2. Small Paris
   Portugal

New France, or Nouvelle-France, was the country's colony in North America. It lasted from 1534 to 1763.

1. Diamonds
   Fur
2. Gold
   Spice

The fur trade was vastly profitable across Canada. Demand for beaver pelts and animal skins in Europe was high.

1. No
2. Yes

In June 1812 America launched an invasion of Canada. The British empire's fight to resist Napoleon interfered with American overseas shipping, and America thought conquering Canada to fix it would be easy. They were wrong and their invasion failed.

1. Germans
   Vikings
2. Romans
   Armenians

In about the year 1000, Vikings landed in Newfoundland and even attempted to set up a colony on its northern tip. They were led by Leif Erikson.

1. Yes
2. No

Canadian troops served alongside the Allies all over Europe and the North Atlantic during the war. Over 30,000 Canadians lost their lives over the course of World War II.

1. France
   Poland
2. America
   Portugal

In the early 1500s Portugal established small fishing outposts in Nova Scotia. These were abandoned and the Portuguese focused on colonizing South America instead.

1. Toronto
   Quebec City
2. Vancouver
   Kitchener

In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded what would eventually become Quebec City in the province of Quebec. Champlain traversed North America and Lake Champlain is named for him.

1. French
   French and English
2. Arabic
   Portuguese

French and English are both the official languages of Canada. French joined English as an official language in 1969 when the Official Languages Act was passed by the Canadian government.

1. French religious militants
   Soldiers
2. Chinese immigrants
   Dutch prisoners

In 1642 a group of religious militants from France thought they were inspired by a dream sent from God to build a city in the Canadian wilderness. They built Ville Marie, which was supposed to be a place of conversion and piety. It became Montreal.

1. France
   Russia
2. Brazil
   The Netherlands

Even though the English claimed the land when John Cabot landed, they didn't set up any permanent colonies. They didn't stop France from colonizing the area either.

1. Famine
   Disease
2. War
   No one knows

France had been engaged in the Seven Years War, an international conflict which ended after Great Britain defeated both France and Spain. After losing the war, France lost most of its North American colonies to the British. This included New France.

1. North Carolina
   Washington
2. California
   Louisiana

France's territory in North America originally included both New France and a large stretch of land that went from New Orleans all the way through what would become Montana and into Canada. The first was lost to Great Britain in war, the second was sold to the U.S. by Napoleon Bonaparte.

1. Upper Canada and Lower Canada
   Old France
2. New England
   The Middle Kingdom

Many originally French places were given new names under English rule. For example, the French colony of Arcadia became the colony of New Brunswick.

1. 56
   2
2. 108
   10

Canada is a federation of ten provinces. These include Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan.

1. Henry VII
   Elizabeth II
2. James VI
   Elizabeth I

When John Cabot set foot in what would later become Canada in 1497, he was in the service of King Henry VII. England, however, would not actually control that land until the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

1. A republic
   Communist
2. Fascist
   A constitutional monarchy

While Canada is considered a constitutional monarchy and Queen Elizabeth II the head of state, England does not run the country.

1. Sir John A. Macdonald
   Justin Trudeau
2. Grover Cleveland
   Angela Merkel

Canada's first prime minster was a controversial figure. He was both incredibly competent and corrupt and under his leadership Canada gained new land and a new massive railroad.

1. Yes
2. No

Canada has had one female prime minister. Kim Campbell served as prime minister for a few months in 1993.

1. Belgium
   Brazil
2. Russia
   Australia

Canada is the second-largest country on Earth, at 9,984,670 square kilometers. Russia is the only larger country, with 17,098,242 square kilometers of land in its borders.

1. 1565
   1112
2. 1867
   1998

On July 1, 1876, the British North America Act was passed. This was when Canada officially become a self-governing entity within the British Empire.

1. For profit
   It was a British dominion
2. For revenge
   They were invaded

At the time of World War I, Canada was a British dominion. This meant that when Britain declared war on Germany, Canada was automatically involved.

1. Over 60,000
   About 5,000
2. 300
   7

Nearly 61,000 Canadians were killed during World War I. Over 172,000 were wounded in battle.

1. French
   German
2. English
   Huron-Iroquoian

The word "Canada" comes from the Huron-Iroquoian language. It is derived from the word "Kanata," which means "village."

1. Ontario
   Alberta
2. Saskatchewan
   Quebec

The French-speaking province of Quebec has held two referendums about whether or not it wanted to begin the process of becoming independent from the rest of Canada. Voters rejected the idea twice, in 1980 and 1995.

1. City
   Hotel
2. Commercial corporation
   Tree

Hudson's Bay Company, which began as a fur trading company and now owns a chain of retail stores internationally, is the oldest commercial corporation in America. It was founded in 1670.

1. 11
   41
2. 3
   500

Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. These territories are the Northwest territories, Nunavut and Yukon.

1. Over 100
   About 50
2. 11
   Only one

In 1865 legislator Thomas D'Arcy McGee was assassinated on his way into his Ottawa home. His death was tied to the Fenian Irish Independence Movement, a group trying to overthrow the Canadian government.

1. Basketball
   Sand Volleyball
2. Surfing
   Skateboarding

Basketball was designed in 1891 by a Canadian man, Dr. James Naismith. While conducting a PE class at the International YMCA Training School in Massachusetts, he invented the game. It was first played by college students from Quebec.

1. Jacques Cartier
   Christopher Columbus
2. Amerigo Vespucci
   Sir Francis Drake

Between 1534 and 1542, explorer Jacques Cartier made three expeditions from Europe to future Canada. He claimed the land for King Francis I of France.

1. Harper Lee
   Ferdinand Magellan
2. Charles Darwin
   John Cabot

Venetian explorer Giovanni Caboto, called John Cabot in English, was the first European to land in Canada after the Vikings. He landed in 1497 and claimed the land for England.

1. Calvinism
   Buddhism
2. Roman Catholicism
   Taoism

Due to Quebec's French roots, Roman Catholicism influenced its culture for centuries. This caused tension when the Protestant British empire gained control of New France.

1. Loyalists
   Russians
2. Koreans
   The founding fathers

More than 40,000 people who had remained loyal to Britain during the American Revolution fled violence and persecution in America. They settled in Nova Scotia, Quebec and New Brunswick.

1. 1986
   1501
2. 1200
   1833

In 1833 Great Britain banned slavery throughout its entire empire. As a part of the empire, Canada became a safe haven for people fleeing slavery in America.

1. Exports and farming
   Coal
2. Gold
   Tea

The fur trade boomed in young Canada. The country also exported numerous other natural resources, such as timber and fish.