Everyday Science: Bridge Quiz

Bridges are differentiated by the distance they can cross, also known as their span.

Compression is a force that acts to compress or shorten the object it's acting on; tension is a force that acts to expand or lengthen the object it's acting on. These are the two main forces that bridges must contend with.

The size of the beam (in particular its height), controls the distance that the beam can span.

Supporting lattice work, or a truss, adds rigidity to the existing beam, greatly increasing its ability to dissipate the compression and tension.

Due to their curved shape, arch bridges don't need any additional supports or cables; they're naturally strong bridge structures.

A suspension bridge's cables transfer the bulk of the compression to the towers, which dissipate the compression directly into the earth where they're buried.

The supporting cables running between the bridge's two anchorages receive most of the tension. They're literally stretched from the weight of the bridge and its traffic.

Dampeners help to mitigate the resonance, or vibrating, effect in bridges. They interrupt any resonant waves that form and prevent them from growing.

While the danger of other forces has been largely eliminated through better design, weather forces are much harder to combat.

Torsion has been eliminated in most bridges, but larger suspension bridges can still be affected by it because of the fact that they're suspended and vulnerable to strong winds.