1. Bulldozer
   Crane
2. Steamroller
   Tractor

The first bulldozer model was developed in the 1920s, drawing on the tractor for inspiration in creating it. The bulldozer is typically used to move large amounts of material, like dirt or sand.

1. Cement truck
   Tow truck
2. Forklift
   Auger

The forklift's roots can be traced to 1917 with the invention of the Tructractor, which was a simple truck used to move materials around. A few years later, the first hydraulic lift was added to select trucks. In 1923, the company, Yale, expanded upon the original designs by adding a fork-shaped lift capable of lifting heavy loads off the ground to above the height of the truck.

1. Sledgehammer
   A mallet
2. Compactor
   Jackhammer

A jackhammer is the mechanized combination of a chisel and a hammer. This heavy (up to 100 pounds) piece of machinery is used to break up hard materials, like rock or concrete. The jackhammer is considered a pneumatic device, which means it operates using pressurized (compressed) air or gas.

1. Pallet
   Rig Mat
2. Plywood
   Metal

Rig mats are most frequently used in oil fields under drilling rigs, other heavy equipment, and for walkways. The lightweight durability of the rig mat allows it to be used on flat, rocky, and unstable ground.

1. Dumper
   Grader
2. Jack Screw
   Paver

The Dumper is distinguishable by where its load skip is - on the front of the vehicle - and the cab (driver's area) is behind it. Whereas a dump truck has its cab up front and the load skip behind.

1. Industrial Stapler
   Laser Level
2. Utility Knife
   Switchblade

The utility knife is usually a fixed blade, which can be retracted into the handle for safe keeping when not in use. The blades of the modern utility knife are typically replaceable.

1. Crane
   Excavator
2. Hoist
   Aerial Work Platform (Cherry Picker)

The Ancient Greeks are credited with inventing the first model of the crane, which was operated by human and animal strength, rather than by engines, motors, or hydraulic systems. The crane differs from a hoist in that it can move heavy materials both vertically and horizontally , whereas the hoist can only lift materials vertically.

1. Compactor
   Loader
2. Excavator
   Plower

With roots dating back to the 19th century, excavators can be used for everything from home landscaping to large scale construction. Its main use is to dig or scoop out material. The first hydraulic excavators were used in the 20th century.

1. Grader
   Snowplow
2. Tractor
   Field Leveler

The grader also goes by the names: road grader and motor grader. It is a vehicle equipped with a large blade, used to cut into the earth to grade or level the ground to a flat surface according to a certain degree.

1. Paver
   Concrete Mixer
2. Tanker Truck
   Semi-truck

The first patent for a motorized cement mixer was granted in 1916. It used wooden paddles to stir the cement mixture, but could only do so when the cart wheels were physically moving, and it was super slow. The modern model of concrete mixers was introduced following WWII, during an industrial boom.

1. Trencher
   Rock Breaker
2. Compactor
   Mule

Rocks that are too big to be broken up by a smaller crusher machine are put through machines known as rock breakers. This piece of construction equipment is most often used by miners.

1. Bubble Level
   Dumpy Level
2. Laser Level
   Water Level

The model most commonly in use today was patented in the late 1990s, with an earlier model being patented in the late 1980s. The idea for a laser level has been around since the early 1970s.

1. Skid-Steer Loaders
   Breaker
2. Dumper
   Crawler Loaders

The first official Crawler Loader was invented in the '50s, but earlier, incomplete versions date back to 30 years earlier, in the '20s. The machine reached its peak popularity in the '60s, and has since been replaced by hydraulic excavators in most places.

1. Headlamp
   Ten-Gallon Hat
2. Driver's Helmet
   Hard Hat

Prior to the invention of the hard hat, tar and leather were used to protect laborers' heads. The "hard-boiled hat" - made of glue, steamed canvas, and black paint - was patented in 1919. Starting in 1931, select projects, like the Hoover Dam, began requiring workers to wear hard hats as a safety precaution.

1. Skid-Steer Loader
   Crawler Loader
2. Grade
   Backhoe

The skid-steer loader was invented in 1960 to answer a need for making physical labor both easier on laborers and more efficient. It gets its name from the way its wheels and steering system work. The loader turns by moving either the right side tires or left side tires while the wheels on the opposite side skid.

1. Super Bulbs
   Solar Lights
2. Moonlight Tower
   Light Tower

Light towers are used for construction, mining, demolition, emergency services, motion picture production, sporting events, oil refining, and agricultural needs. Some are powered by generators, others by electricity and solar power.

1. Scaffolding
   Jack
2. Ladder
   Aerial Platforms

Daniel Palmer-Jones is considered the "grandfather" of scaffolding, having invented and patented in the early 1900s many of the parts still in use today. However, the history of scaffolding dates back much further than that, with evidence of scaffolding system over 17,000 years old from the Paleolithic era.

1. Hand Trowel
   Post Hole Digger
2. Drain Spade
   Trenching Shovel

The military issues folding trench shovels, called a folding entrenchment tool, which are usually available for civilians to purchase at Army surplus stores and online. Trenching shovels were vital to soldiers' survival in WWI with the introduction of trench warfare, and were often used as weapons for close combat in the trenches, as the other weapons available were too long for the narrow quarters.

1. Bulldozer
   Crawler Loader
2. Snowplow
   Backhoe Loader

Backhoe loaders are smaller and more precise than other machinery serving similar purposes, which makes them most suitable for urban areas, where there is limited space available for construction activities. The first backhoe was produced by Wain-Roy Corporation in 1947, and the first hydraulic backhoe was sold in 1948.

1. Headboard
   Scaffolding
2. A piece of wood
   Toe Board

A toe board is usually a simple 2x4 nailed down horizontally across a roof so that laborers can use it as a safety precaution for walking across the roof. The plank of wood would stop laborers from falling off the roof if they were to lose their footing. This allows roofers to ditch their safety harnesses, which allows them to remain cool while moving freely.

1. Rice Shovel
   Scoop
2. Round Point Shovel
   Square Point Shovel

Square point shovels are usually used for transferring loose materials, not for digging, gardening, or trenching. Loose materials would be things like coal or stone. The square point shovel is considered a scooping shovel.

1. Crane
   Hoist
2. Wrecking Ball
   Excavator

The wrecking ball was most commonly used in the '50s and '60s, but lost popularity with the rise of machinery like hydraulic excavators. Most recently, the machine made a comeback in Miley Cyrus's 2013 hit, "Wrecking Ball."

1. Dump Truck
   Dumper
2. Loader
   Garbage Truck

The hydraulic dump truck, the only model in use today, was introduced in the early 1900s by Wood Hoist Co. Small dump truck manufacturing companies grew exponentially during WWI due to increased wartime demand.

1. Camera
   Laser Rangefinder
2. Level
   Tripod

By recording the amount of time it takes the laser beam to make it from point A to point B, the laser rangefinder can measure distance, and it's reliably accurate within a few millimeters. It's used in construction, industrial production, forestry, 3-D modeling, and military operations.

1. Step Ladder
   Extension Ladder
2. Trestle Ladder
   Fixed Ladder

The first recorded societal use of ladders is by the ancient Egyptians and Hebrews. Extension ladders are useful for construction purposes, but not so much for use around the average-sized household. When it comes to daily needs, step-ladders are much more popular, since they're self-supporting.

1. Small Plate Compactor
   Trench Roller
2. "Sheepsfoot" Compactor
   Road Roller

Prior to the 19th century, horse-powered rollers were used as compactors. In the mid-19th century, self-propelled steam rollers were invented and largely replaced the old horse and roller method. Modern small plate compactors are used to compress small areas of soil and ground.

1. Keyhole Saw
   Coping Saw
2. Handsaw
   Bow Saw

The handsaw can be either "push-cut" or "pull-cut," but there's no consensus on which method is more efficient. Handsaws are often used when cutting wood. In some countries, handsawing is an actual sport.

1. Club Hammer
   Claw Hammer
2. Mallet
   Sledgehammer

Sledgehammers are used to break up hard materials in construction, and they are also a weapon of choice for many thieves looking to break into homes.

1. joint Knife
   Chisel
2. Putty Knife
   Finishing Trowel

The chisel is most commonly used in working with metal, wood, and stone. There are specific techniques to using the chisel, and it's not an easy craft to master.

1. Mega Digger
   Roadheader
2. Tunnel Drill
   Tunnel Boring Machine

The modern-day Tunnel Boring Machine can power through pretty much anything, including rock. The first TBM was built in 1845, commissioned to dig the Frejus Rail Tunnel in Europe.

1. Power Clamp
   Hand Screw Clamp
2. Pipe Clamp
   G-Clamp (C-Clamp)

Clamps are just as important today as they were in ancient Egypt, where one of their uses was to hold tombs shut while the "glue" was setting. Clamps first appeared in ancient Egyptian illustrations. Today, G or C-clamps are most popular with woodworkers and hobbyists.

1. Rip Saw
   Jig Saw
2. Hacksaw
   Band Saw

The hacksaw's main use is severing plastic or metal pipes. The hacksaw was modified in the 1880s with some major improvements to the sizing and teeth of the blades.

1. Diamond Blade
   Fixed Blade
2. Jack Knife
   Kukri Knife

The jack knife is also known as a pocket knife, since most are small enough to fit in pants' pockets. The oldest jack knife found is believed to have been made around 600-500 BC.

1. Ice Pick
   Mattock
2. Pickax
   Ax

The pickax is believed to be one of the oldest tools, with roots dating back to prehistoric times. Not only used as a tool, the pickax also served as a weapon in the middle ages and again, much later, during trench warfare in WWI.

1. Crowbar
   Ripping Chisel
2. Claw Bar
   Molding Bar

The crowbar has quite a few other names, including: Jimmy, Jimmy bar, gooseneck, pry bar, and wrecking bar. A crowbar is usually referred to as a Jimmy when it's being used in a robbery. The tool comes in a variety of shapes, including: cylindrical, hexagonal, oval, and I-beam.

1. Drill bit
   Screw
2. Nail
   Rebar

Humans switched from using wood and bone to craft bits to metal in the 13th century. Tools which served similar purposes (extensions/attachments) can be traced back to prehistoric times.

1. Drifter
   Drill Press
2. Magnetic Drilling Machine
   Hand Drill

Shortly after the invention of the electric motor, in 1889, the electric drill followed, and has remained the more popular option when it comes to hand tools. Drills, like many tools, date back to ancient times, when they were made of stones, cords, and sticks.

1. End Brush
   Disc Brush
2. Wire Brush
   Plaster Scratch Brush

In addition to their uses in construction, wire brushes are also used to clean the teeth of large animals, like crocodiles. They are usually made of steel wire.

1. Railroad Pick
   Ice Pick
2. Pickax
   Mattock

The Mattock is similar to the pickax, but differs in the direction in which the ax cuts. Its design makes it most suitable for use in landscaping, where it is used to break up the ground.

1. Measuring Tape
   Level
2. Ruler
   Tape

The first spring-loaded measuring tape was patented in 1868 in the U.S. The first recorded use of a standardized ruler was by the ancient Romans in 29 BC. At the time, it was called a measuring rod.

1. Barricade
   Table Brace
2. Folding Supporter
   Sawhorse

Today, sawhorses are constructed according to specific measurements, using highly accurate machinery. In the 1800s, this was not the case - halved logs were used as the sawhorse base, usually not exactly level with one another. In addition to their important role in construction, sawhorses are also used by law enforcement as barricades.

1. Needle-nose Pliers
   Channellocks
2. Wrench
   Slip-joint Pliers

Needle-nose pliers allow users to cut wire, a unique feature of this type of pliers. The origins of the pliers is unknown, as many civilizations throughout human history have used a version of them, but it is known that they are an ancient invention, very ancient.

1. Concrete Float
   Concrete Pump
2. Power Trowel
   Polisher

The power trowel is also commonly referred to as a power float, helicopter, whirlybird, and trowel machine. It's a smaller, lighter piece of construction equipment used to polish concrete with a smooth finish. Power trowels can be ride-on or push-behind.

1. Excavator
   Power Shovel
2. Extractor
   Loader

The very first model of the power shovel was made in 1955 and named Marion 5760. The machine is most commonly used in mining for excavation purposes.

1. Paver
   Roller
2. Dumper
   Loader

The paver can also be called: paver finisher, asphalt finisher, and paving machine. There is a specific paver for laying concrete, called the slipform paver, which smooths out pre-laid concrete using a screed.

1. Robertson Screwdriver
   Philips Screwdriver
2. Flathead Screwdriver (Slot-head)
   Torx Screwdriver

In addition to drilling and removing screws, the flathead screwdriver can be used to pry things open. The earliest recorded use of any version of a screwdriver dates back to late Middle Ages Europe.

1. Denailer
   Nail Puller (Cat's Paw)
2. Pry Bar
   Crowbar

When nails used to be handmade (more than 100 years ago), nail pullers were intentionally hand-crafted so that the nail would not be damaged in the process of being pulled. Now, it's all about getting the nail out as fast and efficiently as possible.

1. Lug Wrench
   Monkey Wrench
2. Socket Wrench
   Pipe Wrench

The pipe wrench is designed to fit and work with soft, rounded iron pipes. It's usually made of steel and comes in a variety of sizes. Daniel Stillson patented the pipe wrench in October of 1869.

1. Belt Sander
   Detail Sander
2. Finishing Sander
   Drum Sander

Belt sanders can be portable/mobile or stationary. Portable belt sanders are run over the surface or material needing to be sanded, while stationary sanders require users to run the material needing to be sanded over the sanding belt. This sander was not designed for precision, but for use at the beginning of a project when the material is still quite rough. The belt is too fast and aggressive to use for detailed sanding.