1. Samuel de Champlain
   Louis de Baude de Frontenac
2. Jacques Cartier
   Jean le Veneur

Samuel de Champlain was one of the most important colonists in the history of New France, founding Quebec City in 1608. He also drafted many maps, explored the interior, and fought against the Iroquois.

1. Copper
   Beaver pelts
2. Duck fat
   Maple syrup

New France's early economic life revolved around the beaver pelt. Before a stable farming industry was established, men would roam the woods in search of beaver pelts, which Europeans used to line their hats.

1. 1952
   1980
2. 1967
   1978

Expo 67 was a defining moment for Montreal, taking place over the summer and fall of 1967. The event marked Canada's centennial anniversary and saw over 50 million attendees. The MLB Montreal Expos were named after the event.

1. King William's War
   The Glorious Revolution
2. Thirty Years War
   The French and Indian Wars

Eager New England colonists saw an opportunity to take on their French counterparts during King William's War. The British colonists rebelled with help of artillery and militia.

1. 1897
   1927
2. 1997
   1977

Surprisingly, French was not the official language of Quebec until 1977 and it remains the only province where French is the sole official language. The change followed the Silent Revolution, where French culture went to the forefront of politics.

1. Augustine
   Ursuline
2. Jesuit
   Trappist

The Jesuit Society arrived in New France in 1615, the earliest of any of the groups listed. Jesuits served many functions for the Catholic church, including converting natives, founding universities and fighting.

1. 1834
   1801
2. 1865
   1780

Slavery was not officially abolished in Canada until the British passed the Slavery Abolition Act of 1834, which ended slavery in all British dominions. Canada had attempted some of its own anti-slavery measures prior to the law.

1. Joseph-Antoine de La Barre
   Marquis de Denonville
2. Le Comte de Frontenac
   Marquis du Quesne

Tensions between the French colonists and the Iroquois had mounted over the 17th century, with repeated French incursions and attacks angering the indigenous people. After Governor General Marquis de Denonville led an attack on the Iroquois, they retaliated, killing many of the inhabitants of the small settlement at Lachine.

1. 1927
   1996
2. 1966
   1945

The Montreal Metro is one of the busiest in North America, trailing only New York in ridership per capita. The Metro opened in 1966 before the Montreal Expo and currently contains 68 stations.

1. Told men to ignore national draft registration
   Committed fraud and money laundering in office
2. Urged for Quebec to separate from Canada during the war
   Ordered the assassination of a political rival

Camillien Houde was an esteemed Quebec politician, serving as an MP and as mayor of Montreal during the first half of the 20th century. During WWII, he urged men to ignore to sign up for the draft and was arrested on charges of sedition.

1. Jean Ribault
   Comte de Frontenac
2. Samuel Champlain
   Jacques Cartier

A mariner from the French city of Saint-Malo named Jacques Cartier laid claim to Canada for the French when he planted a French flag in the land on the St. Lawrence River. He made three trips across the Atlantic Ocean.

1. Treaty of Seville
   Treaty of Paris
2. Treaty of Utrecht
   Treaty of London

France found itself on the losing side of the French and Indian War and was forced to cede control of all of its mainland North American colonies to Great Britain in the Treaty of Paris of 1763.

1. Iroquois
   Chocktaw
2. Illinois
   Seminole

French explorers discovered that Canada was teeming with beavers and wanted in on the action. The result was a series of conflicts during the 17th century known as the Beaver Wars. They pitted French and their Algonquian allies against the Iroquois Confederacy.

1. Gatineau
   Laval
2. Quebec City
   Montreal

Prior to national sovereignty, the Province of Canada had its Parliament Buildings in Montreal. Parliament stayed in the St. Anne's Market from 1844 until 1849, when a group of Tories burned it down.

1. 1976
   1984
2. 1952
   1998

The 1976 Summer Olympics took place in Montreal, the only Summer Olympics to occur in Canada. The year saw many dramatic events, including Bruce Jenner's decathlon gold medal and complete domination by the East German women's swim team.

1. Montreal
   Quebec City
2. Gatineau
   Trois-Rivières

Quebec City is the oldest permanent settlement and was the capital of New France, founded back in 1608. Trois-Rivières, founded in 1634, was the second permanent settlement and Montreal was the third, settled in 1642.

1. Allowed Quebec to write its own constitution
   The terms for a province to separate from Canada
2. The use of English and French in all public signage in Quebec
   Re-established Quebec's loyalty to the British crown

The Parliament of Canada passed the Clarity Act of 1999 after Quebec had two separation referendums. Even though neither of the polls passed, the Clarity Act set out the terms for secession negotiations at any point in the future.

1. 1995
   1998
2. 1988
   2005

Jacques Parizeau and the Parti Quebecois government spearheaded a second vote on independence in 1995. The vote was very close, with the no vote winning with 50.58% of the vote on over 93% voter turnout.

1. Prince
   Leonard Cohen
2. Céline Dion
   The Arcade Fire

Quebec is home to many talented artists and musicians, including some of Canada's most famous acts. The Arcade Fire, Celine Dion and Leonard Cohen are all from the province, while Prince is from Minnesota.

1. 1948
   1881
2. 2005
   1765

Quebec flew the Union Jack until they adopted the Fleur-de-lis flag. The flag represents France's past involvement on the North American continent. The Fleur-de-lis has origins from the ancient royal flags of France.

1. Bois Beckett Forest
   Mount Gosford
2. Montreal
   Plains of Abraham

The Battle of Quebec saw the Marquis de Montcalm lose decisively to Maj. Gen James Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham. The battle took place after a three-month-long siege of Quebec City and precipitated the fall of New France.

1. Wis Ahsen
   Hochelaga
2. Rahronkas
   Onekwenhtara

French explorer Jacques Cartier discovered a large Iroquoian village on the island of Montreal when he sailed down the St. Lawrence River in 1535. The village had around 3,000 inhabitants and was protected by walled palisades.

1. Généreux
   Péquistes
2. Souverainetistes
   Bloquiste

The Parti Québécois is comprised of Péquistes, left-leaning French-Canadians that want to separate from the rest of Canada. They spearheaded two independence referendums, but neither was successful.

1. Ursulines
   French Marines
2. Jesuits
   Dutch merchants

The Jesuits were not in New France long before they established the colony's first university, the Collège de Québec. Today, the college is named St. Charles Garnier College and remains operated by Jesuits.

1. Iroquois
   Huron
2. Algonquian
   Seminole

The Algonquin and Iroquoian people were tribes within a similar language group and culture that lived in Quebec and other places before European contact. The Seminole people are originally from Florida.

1. Order of the Solar Temple
   Superior Universal Alignment
2. The Ant Hill Kids
   The Brethren

The Order of the Solar Temple gained international notoriety as a deadly cult after a series of mass-suicides and murders occurred throughout the 1990s, leaving 74 dead across Switzerland, Quebec and France.

1. Charpentiers de sauvage
   Groseillers
2. Mangeurs de castor
   Coeurs de bois

The coeurs de bois were Frenchmen who roamed the American wilderness in search of beaver furs to trade with the indigenous people or bring back to the ports to sell to Europe. They would spend the whole summer season out in the woods.

1. Wild River
   Where the River Narrows
2. Land of Green Water
   Land Built by Beaver

The Algonquin referred to the present-day location of Quebec City as Kébec, which means "where the river narrows." This is a reference to the St. Lawrence River narrowing right before the banks of the city.

1. Andre Boisclair
   René Lévesque
2. John Abbot
   Francis Fox

René Lévesque founded the Parti Québécois in 1968 intending to establish a sovereign Quebec without the use of extreme tactics. He became the Premier of Quebec in 1976 and was a prominent political figure.

1. Gabriel's Chosen
   Outlaw Riders
2. Couers de bois
   Rock Machine

The Quebec Biker War wreaked carnage across the province from 1994-2004, leaving over 160 dead and many more wounded. The turf war revolved around the sale of drugs, and many bombs and stolen dynamite were the weapons of choice.

1. Quebec City
   Montreal
2. Trois-Rivières
   Gatineau

The 1.4km Historic District of Old Quebec is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area is complete with cobblestones, stone walls and old buildings that look more European than North American.

1. Protection of French language
   Secularization
2. Discontinuation of mandatory enlistment
   Creation of a welfare state

The Quiet Revolution was a series of collective reforms and a political shift towards the secularization and liberalization of government. It minimized the role of the Roman Catholic Church and set the foundation for a welfare state.

1. The New France New Deal
   The Paris Agreement of 1774
2. The Preservation of French Values
   The Quebec Act of 1774

The British had assumed control of Quebec following The French and Indian War. To establish a permanent government that maintained the religious and legal customs of the region, they implemented the Quebec Act of 1774.

1. Jean Chrétien
   Pierre Trudeau
2. Joe Clark
   Brian Mulroney

Five of Canada's Prime Ministers are of French-Canadian origins, including the incumbent Justin Trudeau. Brian Mulroney lived in Montreal, though he is an English speaker, and Joe Clark is from Alberta.

1. Feudal revisionism
   Post system
2. Seigneurial system
   Strip farming

Outside of the three main settlements in New France, land was divided using the Seigneurial system. Landlords presided over a block of land and rented out strips to tenant farmers.