1. A U.S. president
   A U.S. state
2. A fallen Revolutionary soldier
   A branch of the Armed Forces

There are 50 stars on the flag, on for each state. If the stars represented each of the Armed Forces, there'd only be five; if it represented fallen soldiers in the Revolution ... well, that'd be far too many! Interestingly, U.S. presidents would be about a match; we're on our 45th at present.

1. Two years
   Four years
2. Five years
   Six years

An American president serves a minimum of four years. Almost all political offices in the United States have terms of even years: two, four or six. However, a rare few offices are held until the official decides to retire, like Supreme Court justices.

1. The First Circuit Court
   The Star Chamber
2. The Supreme Court
   The Vatican

The answer, of course, is the Supreme Court. Fun fact: Newspaper editors, when pressed for headline space, sometimes refer to the justices as "the Supremes," calling up unfortunate comparisons to the girl group of the 1960s.

1. The Bill of Rights
   The Federalist Papers
2. The Magna Carta
   The Miranda warning

It might be hard to explain to an outsider, but as important as the Constitution is to the government, the first 10 "exceptions" or changes to the Constitution are equally important to the American way of life. They preserve essential things like free speech and freedom of religion.

1. The East Wing and the West Wing
   The House of Representatives and the House of Commons
2. The House of Representatives and the Senate
   The Senate and the Parliament

The East Wing and the West Wing are divisions of the White House, the presidential residence. "Parliament," meanwhile, is a common name for a legislative body in other countries, like England. It's England's Parliament which has a House of Commons.

1. Be it known
   Four score and
2. On this day
   We the people

This might be the most famous phrase in all of American politics. With its first three words, the Constitution makes clear that the United States was going to be a democracy (notwithstanding that women and slaves were denied the vote. Democracy in America was a slow process).

1. The preamble
   Article I
2. Article II
   This is actually from the Gettysburg Address

It's worth repeating in full here: "We the people, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States."

1. The chief justice of the Supreme Court
   The president
2. The speaker of the house
   The minority whip

The president can veto Congressional bills that are not to his (or, someday, her) liking, but that's not the end of the story. The bill goes back to the House or Senate, where it must get 66 percent support from members. If it does, the president's veto is overridden. So a veto doesn't give the president ultimate power; it's just a way of saying, "Show me you're serious about this one."

1. Two
   Three
2. Four
   Nine

The federal government is divided into an executive, legislative and judicial branch. The plan is laid out in the Constitution and provides for a balance of powers, which is a very important concept in American politics.

1. Bailiff
   Justice
2. Magistrate
   They're just called "Judge"

"Justice" is the poetic name for a judge on the Supreme Court. The head of the court is called the Chief Justice. The first one was John Jay, also considered one of the Founding Fathers.

1. Freedom of speech
   The right to bear arms
2. The right to buy and drink alcohol
   The right to vote at age 18

The Second Amendment is a hotly-contested issue in America right now. Gun-control advocates point out that it was written in an age of single-action muskets whereby the shooter had to add powder, tamp it down, drop in a musket ball, cock the weapon and fire. What would the Founding Fathers have thought of gun rights in the age of semi-automatic weapons? We really don't know.

1. Benjamin Franklin
   Thomas Jefferson
2. John Adams
   George Washington

Benjamin Franklin never held the highest office, but let's give him some credit. He was a Renaissance man whose diplomacy got France into the Revolutionary War on America's side, who thought deeply about politics, philosophy and science, and whose daily schedule is still inspiring productivity gurus to this day.

1. Nine
   11
2. 18
   27

To date, the Constitution has been amended 27 times. It might again be amended in the future. The amendments are what makes the Constitution a "living document," and not one frozen in time.

1. Joe Biden
   Mike Pence
2. Jared Kushner
   What do I look like, a political-science grad student?

We're sympathetic if you chose the fourth option (though not sympathetic enough to give it to you). The vice presidency has long been considered a largely ceremonial role. In fact, person-on-the-street interviews have revealed that many Americans don't know the name of the person filling the office.

1. True
2. False

Most people think this is true because of Richard Nixon, who resigned during impeachment hearings. He wasn't even impeached, to be literal. The two presidents who actually were, Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, were both acquitted in Senate trials and their political careers survived.

1. George Washington
   Abraham Lincoln
2. Benjamin Franklin
   Betsy Ross

Lincoln made his famous speech at the dedication of a military cemetery in Gettysburg. It also commemorated the hard-fought victory of Union forces over the Confederacy at Gettysburg. The address remains one of the best-known speeches in American history.

1. John Adams
   John Jay
2. Thomas Jefferson
   Nelson D. Rockefeller

Other founding fathers include Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Nelson Rockefeller was a captain of American industry. He came later in the nation's history books.

1. The Articles of Confederation
   The Bible
2. The Federalist Papers
   Common Law

Though "Confederation" would take on a different meaning during the Civil War, from 1777 to 1787 it just meant a joining together of states. The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak a document to govern the young nation of America — a key weakness was that it didn't allow the federal government to collect taxes. Oops.

1. The president
   The speaker of the house
2. The other justices
   Any American over 18

This is the duty (or privilege) of the president. For this reason, nominations always favor the party to which the sitting president belongs. Because justices can serve for decades, a single nomination can influence the workings of the court for a long time.

1. The head of the CIA
   The first lady
2. The secretary of state
   The speaker of the house

The speaker of the house is the highest-ranking member of the House of Representatives. If you're wondering why the president of the Senate doesn't fill this role, it's because the Senate president is also the vice president, who is second in line.

1. The Bush family
   The Clinton family
2. The Kennedy family
   The Grant family

The Bushes are a Texan, conservative political family. George H.W. Bush was a WWII hero, head of the CIA, senator and then president. George W. Bush was a businessman turned governor, then president. They were the 41st and 43rd presidents, respectively.

1. The Bill of Rights
   The Constitution
2. The Declaration of Independence
   The Magna Carta

The Constitution lays out how the American government is organized and which branches have which powers. That is why, in the courts, debate often arises about whether laws are, or are not, "Constitutional."

1. Abraham Lincoln
   Ulysses S. Grant
2. Martin Van Buren
   Woodrow Wilson

Wilson kept the United States out of the war for some time but when the British intercepted a telegram outlining a German plan to urge Mexico to attack the United States, that was the last straw. The late entry into the war inspired a Marine's famous line at the Battle of Belleau Wood: "Retreat? (Expletive), we just got here!"

1. Alaska
   Hawaii
2. Guam
   New Mexico

Beautiful Hawaii has been a state since August 1959, following on the heels of Alaska, which was admitted in January of the same year. Guam is a U.S. territory, not a state. New Mexico, however, is a state (which, sadly, many people are confused about!).

1. It was the year the Declaration of Independence was signed.
   It was the year the 13th colony joined the Union.
2. It was the year the Constitution was ratified.
   It was the year the British surrendered the U.S. to the Americans.

The year 1776 was only the beginning of America's struggle to become a new nation. It was essentially the shot fired over the bow of the British monarchy, a declaration that America now considered herself an independent country.

1. Georgia
   New York
2. West Virginia
   Virginia

West Virginia did not exist at the time that the Declaration of Independence was signed because it was part of the state of Virginia. West Virginia seceded during the Civil War. It was an impoverished, mountain region with very few slaveholders and its residents saw little reason to fight for the South.

1. George Washington (he was elected to a second term)
   John Adams
2. John Quincy Adams
   Thomas Jefferson

John Adams was the second president. John Quincy Adams was the sixth. Bear in mind, being elected to a second term does not change one's numerical order in the presidency — Barack Obama, who served two terms was the 44th president, not the 44th and 45th.

1. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
   John Roberts
2. Clarence Thomas
   Earl Warren

Roberts has held this role since 2005. The most recent addition to the Supreme Court, in general, is Justice Brett Kavanaugh. A President Donald Trump nominee, he underwent a contentious confirmation hearing that few of us are likely to forget anytime soon.

1. In 1776, like the Declaration of Independence
   In 1775, a year before the Declaration of Independence
2. In 1780
   In 1787

The Constitution was written well after the Declaration of Independence. America celebrated the bicentennial of the Constitution in 1987 (presumably New Coke and Zima were involved).

1. 40
   50
2. 100
   435

Americans elect two senators from each state. This creates a total of 100. Because this is an even number, the vice president is called upon to cast a tie-breaking vote when there is a 50-50 split.

1. Democrats and Republicans
   Left and Right
2. Law and Order
   Kennedy and Bush

OK, this one was a bit of a softball. Though we use "the Left" to refer to the Democrats and "the Right" to refer to the Republicans, these are not, of course, official names. Other parties, like "Peace & Freedom," are even farther to the political left than the Democrats.

1. 100
   240
2. 270
   538

This is why, on election night, states are "called" rather than overall numbers of votes being counted. There are 538 electors. Their role is to balance out the power between populous states, like Ohio, and sparsely populated ones, like Wyoming, where the people would have little incentive to vote if not for the Electoral College.

1. 75
   110
2. 270
   435

House members represent congressional districts, not states overall. The Congress is a complicated legislative body -- in the House, representation is based on raw population numbers, but in the Senate, each state has equal importance (because each state gets 2 senators). This is one of the ways that power is kept in balance.

1. Executive
   Legislative
2. Judicial
   None of these

Only Congress has the power to declare war. This question might be confusing to immigrants preparing to take their citizenship test, as the president is called the "Commander in Chief" of the armed forces, a role that sounds like it should confer the power to declare war.

1. It holds two sessions a year
   It allows both genders to serve
2. It has two houses
   Representatives are elected for two years

This word is taken from the Latin word, "camera," which means "room or chamber." (The Kodak kind of "camera" gets its name from the small, light-proof chamber in which film is exposed).