1. Vernon Sturdee
   Maxime Weygand
2. Thomas Blamey
   Rod Keller

France's Maxime Weygand is credited for his creation of a spy network that greatly assisted Britain against the Nazis. The general was devoted to helping British forces defeat Germany after France had surrendered to the Germans in 1940.

1. Mihail Lascar
   Arthur Percival
2. Gheorghe Avramescu
   Ruben Lagus

In addition to the time he served as Intelligence Officer of the Essex Regiment, British Lieutenant General Arthur Percival's resume includes a 1918 triumph against the Bolsheviks at Dvina River. He was appointed to a post in Nigeria from 1935 to 1937 before a failed stint in Singapore in 1941.

1. Ferdinand Catlos
   Aung San
2. Henri Guisan
   Jay MacKelvie

During World War II, the U.S. Army in Europe was infamous for firing generals. Brigadier General Jay W. MacKelvie was removed as commander of the 90th Infantry Division. Landrum, his replacement, was also let go after a relatively short run and was replaced by General Raymond S. McClain.

1. Leonard Mociulschi
   Dumitru Damaceanu
2. Iwane Matsui
   Maurice Gamelin

French General Maurice Gamelin received most of the blame for France's June 1940 defeat during the war. Among Gamelin's severely criticized military policies was his belief that the French army was incapable of defending its allies, Poland, Czechoslovakia and the U.S.S.R., against the Nazis.

1. Semyon Budyonny
   Giuseppe Castellano
2. Mario Roatta
   Kurt Student

General Semyon Budyonny was one of Stalin's loyal supporters. The general commanded the Cossack First Cavalry Army, whose soldiers were referred to as "Budyonny men" and were often characterized as handsome and devoted.

1. Henri Winkelman
   Ludvik Svoboda
2. Lloyd R. Fredendall
   Alfred Jodl

General Lloyd Ralston Fredendall's father, Ira, was a New York transplant who became the sheriff of Laramie. Eventually, Ira Livingston Fredendall was commissioned to serve with the Quartermaster Corps during the Spanish-American War.

1. John P. Lucas
   Hideki Tojo
2. Alfredo Guzzoni
   Andrew McNaughton

Eisenhower ordered General George Patton to apologize to soldiers Patton had slapped under his command and sent his deputy John P. Lucas to deliver the reprimand. Lucas assured them that Patton, whom he knew well, was "usually putting on a show" and didn't lack self-control.

1. Harry Crerar
   Brudenell White
2. Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
   Leslie Morshead

General Sebastiano Visconti Prasca's attempt to invade Greece was so disastrous that he was fired only two weeks after the start of the campaign. Mussolini made two failed attempts to invade Greece; Nazi Germany completed the task.

1. Edmund Herring
   Xue Yue
2. Lev Mekhlis
   Carl Spaatz

During World War II, the Soviet Stavka maintained a strict policy concerning deserters: Die by Soviet firing squad or perish in battle with the enemy. Soviet General Lev Mekhlis called for the arrests of several suspected dissenters, including high-ranking military personnel.

1. Mark W. Clark
   Lloyd Fredendall
2. Dmitry Pavlov
   Ernst Busch

During World War II when he commanded the Fifth Army, Mark W. Clark was the youngest lieutenant general in the history of the United States military. Before his death in 1984, Clark was the last surviving American World War II general.

1. Isamu Cho
   Grigory Kulik
2. Douglas MacArthur
   George Marshall

Isamu Cho of the Imperial Japanese Army is most renowned for the terrific operations he conducted leading to World War II. Cho was called "Kill-All-Prisoners" Isamu. He authorized the killing of all Chinese prisoners at the Nanjing massacre.

1. Rodolfo Graziani
   Omar Bradley
2. Henry Arnold
   Dwight D. Eisenhower

Rodolfo Graziani earned the moniker as a result of brutal acts he committed while commanding forces during Italy's colonization of North Africa in the 1920s and 1930s. Graziani served as devoted war minister during Benito Mussolini's fascist reign.

1. Alphonse Juin
   Bai Chongxi
2. Douglas MacArthur
   Jan Golian

Critics of Douglas MacArthur continue to describe the infamous World War II general as cruel, arrogant and mutinous. U.S. President Eisenhower once said of him: "MacArthur could never see another sun, or even a moon for that matter, in the heavens, as long as he was the sun."

1. Franciszek Kleeberg
   Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus
2. Thomas Blamey
   Ira C. Eaker

Friedrich Paulus' Sixth Army faced terrible odds during the Battle of Stalingrad. Although Hitler dubbed Paulus' forces "the troops of the Stalingrad fortress," Paulus' men endured extremely cold conditions, struggled to function without ample supplies and were ordered to "use horse meat for food."

1. George Marshall
   Friedrich von Paulus
2. Claude Auchinleck
   Grigory Kulik

Born to a Royal Artillery officer in 1884 in Aldershot, England, Claude Auchinleck was appointed as British Commander in Chief of the Middle East in 1941. Winston Churchill removed him from the post when Auchinleck defied orders to counterattack Rommel-led German troops stopped near Cairo.

1. Bill Rupertus
   Alphonse Juin
2. Maurice Gamelin
   Alan Walter Jones

The Battle of Cassino occurred during a rainy Italian winter. While American and British troops were immobile in their autos due to the mud, General Alphonse Juin bought all the donkeys and mules his French troops could find, and his men at the front line were well fed and well supplied as a result.

1. Maxime Weygand
   George Marshall
2. Jay MacKelvie
   Semyon Budyonny

As Secretary of State, George Marshall devised the Marshall Plan after World War II. Marshall won the Nobel Peace Prize for the plan, which suggested post-war assistance for nations that fought on both sides of the battle line.

1. Omar Bradley
   Nikolai Vatutin
2. Li Zongren
   Dwight D. Eisenhower

General Dwight D. Eisenhower gave the order to facilitate Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Northern France known as D-Day. It was the largest military assault conducted by sea in history.

1. Omar N. Bradley
   Edmund Herring
2. Wladyslaw Sikorski
   Guy Simonds

A 1949 amendment to the U.S. National Security Act details the role of the Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman. In 1951, General Omar Bradley testified to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee regarding war, "The Joint Chiefs of Staff ... are in a better position than any single theater commander ..."

1. Tomoyuki Yamashita
   Gusztav Jany
2. George S. Patton
   Bela Miklos

In spite of the melodrama that George S. Patton is known for, he won many battles. A running joke at West Point is that the general's statue on the school's campus intentionally faces away from the library. As a student, Patton shined more on the drill field than in the classroom.

1. Henry H. Arnold
   Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner
2. Corneliu Dragalina
   Henri Guisan

Henry Harley "Hap" Arnold's great-great-grandfather, also named Henry Harley, was a private in the Pennsylvania militia during the American Revolutionary War. Peter Arnold, another blood relation, served in George Washington's army.

1. Roman Shukhevych
   Vilho Nenonen
2. Ira C. Eaker
   Ferdinand Catlos

Ira C. Eaker was an Air Force general who favored daylight precision bombing during World War II. Forty-six-year-old Brigadier General Eaker commanded the VIII Bomber Command and the Eighth Air Force.

1. Aung San
   Paavo Talvela
2. Carl Spaatz
   Karl Lennart Oesch

Carl "Tooey" Spaatz was the U.S. senior Allied Air Forces commander in Europe after the United States entered the Second World War. Spaatz's primary strategy against the Third Reich was heavy bombing of Hitler's oil plants.

1. Leonard Mociulschi
   Ioan Dumitrache
2. Vasile Atanasiu
   Nikolai Vatutin

Since relations between Ukraine and Russia became strained after the fall of the Soviet Union, factions in both countries have disputed the World War II legacy of General Nikolai Vatutin. The Soviet commander liberated Kyiv from the Nazis during the war.

1. Ruben Lagus
   Chiang Kai-shek
2. Karl Lennart Oesch
   Mihail Lascar

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek battled Northern China's warlords and eight years of Japanese aggression. He was later defeated by the communists in 1949 and retreated to Taiwan. Chiang's wife, Soong Mei-ling or Madame Chiang Kai-shek, founded the National Chinese Women's League.

1. Geza Lakatos
   Iwane Matsui
2. Jarun Rattanakun
   Yan Xishan

Since Yan Xishan's leadership starting in the 1920s, Shanxi province has become one of China's most urbanized and industrialized areas. On the eve of China's War of Resistance to Japan, Yan Xishan allied with Communist organizers, then turned against them in 1939.

1. Brudenell White
   Bela Miklos
2. Dezso Laszlo
   Kurt Student

Australian General Brudenell White was reappointed as Chief of the General Staff after the sudden death of Lieutenant General Ernest Squires in March 1940. Born in 1876, White was one of 10 people who perished in a RAAF aircraft crash in Canberra in August 1940.

1. Alfred Jodl
   Wladyslaw Sikorski
2. Draza Mihailovic
   Vernon Sturdee

As German forces invaded Poland at the start of World War II, General Wladyslaw Sikorski and other high-ranking members of the Polish government fled in exile to London, England. Sikorski continued to amass a Polish army of roughly 100,000 men, which became part of the Allied forces.

1. Stefanos Sarafis
   Li Zongren
2. George Marshall
   Friedrich von Paulus

Stefanos Sarafis was a crucial figure in the 1935 uprising that helped launch the Greek Resistance movement during the Second World War. Sarafis was imprisoned, then set free when the jails of Athens were liberated in 1941.

1. Xue Yue
   Henri Winkelman
2. Leslie Morshead
   Tadeusz Bor-Komorowski

Allied forces joined Dutch Lieutenant General Henri Gerard Winkelman in his fight to counterattack Germany's invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940. Germany's ultimate mission was to surround the Maginot Line and attack from the rear Allied armies posted in Northern France.

1. Guy Simonds
   Alfred Jodl
2. Geza Lakatos
   Constantin Constantinescu-Claps

On May 7, 1945, at Rheims, France, Nazi Colonel General Alfred Jodl signed the German Military Surrender document on behalf of the German High command. Adolf Hitler had been dead about a week before Jodl's surrender authorization.

1. Gheorghe Avramescu
   Erik Heinrichs
2. Mario Roatta
   Paavo Talvela

Italian General Mario Roatta was prohibited from wearing his military uniform at his December 1945 trial for treason. Roatta, former chief of staff of the Italian army, was amenable to some of his officers' wishes to prevent the transport of Croatian Jews to death camps.

1. Aung San
   Alan Walter Jones
2. Alfredo Guzzoni
   Maurice Gamelin

General Alfredo Guzzoni joined Livorno and Herman Goering forces to counterattack the July 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily, dubbed Operation Husky. After losing a third of their tanks, Axis powers retreated.

1. Hideki Tojo
   Mark W. Clark
2. Isamu Cho
   Alphonse Juin

Japan's wartime Prime Minister Hideki Tojo authorized his country's December 7, 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. John J. Wilpers Jr., a 26-year-old lieutenant in the U.S. Army intelligence unit, prevented Tojo's suicide after Japan's defeat. Tojo was later executed for war crimes.

1. Claude Auchinleck
   Henry Arnold
2. Yan Xishan
   Tomoyuki Yamashita

Born on November 8, 1885 on the island of Shikoku in Japan, Tomoyuki Yamashita first received military training at the age of 12. He quickly moved up the military ranks. During World War II, Yamashita was sent to seize Malaya and Singapore in November 1941.

1. Thomas Blamey
   Gusztav Jany
2. Jan Golian
   Harry Crerar

Low morale was a problem for many Axis troops serving on the eastern front during World War II. The Nazi general assigned to General Gusztav Jany's Hungarian Second Army attributed Jany's disastrous defeat at the Battle of Stalingrad to a "lack of spiritual enlightenment."

1. Bai Chongxi
   Iwane Matsui
2. Roman Shukhevych
   Ruben Lagus

Starting in 1943, Roman "Taras" Shukhevych shouldered the responsibility of leading the Ukranian liberation struggle against Soviet and German occupiers. Shukhevych remained an underground insurgent for several years after World War II.

1. Henry Duncan Graham "Harry" Crerar
   Maxime Weygand
2. Lloyd Fredendall
   Ernst Busch

General Henry Duncan Graham "Harry" Crerar's pinnacle career achievement was the creation of the two-corps First Canadian Army during his term as Canada's Chief of the General Staff from 1940 to 1941. Crerar's actions set the stage for Canada's postwar military presence.

1. John P. Lucas
   Thomas Blamey
2. George Marshall
   Dwight D. Eisenhower

Thomas Blamey, Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Military Forces, did not hide his disapproval of American military forces, and MacArthur held equal contempt for Blamey's troops. A riot involving 4,000 people ensued at Brisbane after an argument between an Australian soldier and an American MP.

1. Henry Arnold
   Bai Chongxi
2. Aung San
   Vilho Nenonen

Bai Chongxi strongly criticized what he perceived as a general lack of patriotism among Chinese students. During a lecture to students at West China Union University and Central Military Academy in February 1943, Bai said, "if a nation wished to survive ... it must have general military training."