1. modern day
   post-WWII
2. pre-Civil War

The Antebellum period refers to (roughly) the time after the War of 1812 to until before the Civil War. Antebellum is Latin for "pre-war."

1. gay rights
   slavery
2. gold rush territorial rights

In the South, farmers reaped huge yields from their fields thanks to droves of slaves. But in the North, anti-slavery sentiments began bubbling, ensuring that there would be future conflict.

1. corn
   cotton
2. coffee

Cotton plants thrive in the heat and humidity of the South. Southern landowners, however, suffered from a shortage of manpower, and many of them resorted to slavery to expand their plantation empires.

1. They had anti-slavery views.
   They opposed women's suffrage.
2. They were anarchists.

Abolitionists wanted to abolish slavery. The abolitionist movement gained its greatest momentum in Northern states during the Antebellum era.

1. Mexican Revolution
   Industrial Revolution
2. American Revolution

As the 1800s progressed, the Industrial Revolution began reshaping America, starting in the cities of the North. The rural South, however, continued to rely heavily on agriculture and slaves for its economic might.

1. Manifest Destiny
   Oregon Destiny
2. Final Destination

During the early 1800s, the phrase "Manifest Destiny" took hold in popular culture. It referred to the American desire to expand westward to take the land and shape their country's course.

1. It made land even cheaper than before.
   They lost their Indian slaves.
2. Indians went on a rampage, killing all Southern children.

The Indian Removal Act of 1830, signed by President Jackson, pushed many Native Americans to lands west of the Mississippi River. Southern plantation owners rejoiced -- it meant they could buy even more land on the cheap.

1. True
2. False

In the South, both small and medium-sized farms often had slaves. But it was the sprawling plantations that often had many slaves. Slaves meant wealth, prestige and power.

1. cotton pesticides that cause birth defects
   African slave trade
2. seersucker

The first African slaves arrived in the New World in 1617. Finally, in 1807, Congress put a halt to the importation of African laborers … but it did not put an end to slavery altogether.

1. about 500,000
   about 1 million
2. about 3 million

From the early 1600s to the early 1800s, businessmen imported about 3 million slaves to the New World. Although the trade was outlawed in 1807, there were still many slaves suffering in the South for decades to come.

1. Both economies were very similiar.
   The Northern economy was suffering.
2. The Northern economy was more dynamic.

The South's economy leaned on agriculture. The North, on the other hand, featured a dynamic economy thriving on industry and healthy imports and exports. The imbalance was sure to cause problems of every kind.

1. American Stock Exchange
   American Factory System
2. American Slave System

Slater was an Englishman who brought British textiles manufacturing technologies to the States. He was the father of the American Factory System, and he helped spark the American Industrial Revolution.

1. very equal
   very unequal
2. identical to the North

In the South, large landowners had all the power and money, while poor whites and slaves had almost nothing. In the North, wealth distribution was more equal.

1. wage labor
   New Age meditation
2. kittens

As textile mills increased in mechanization, they required laborers. The mills started the trend of using wage labor in place of indentured servants or slaves.

1. Medicaid
   abortion
2. slavery

Slavery was intertwined in American culture, and many politicians wanted to keep it that way. A South Carolina representative (James Hammond) was the first to pitch a "gag rule" meant to stifle all anti-slavery bills before they even started.

1. True
2. False

False. The Industrial Revolution completely altered manufacturing of all kinds, particularly in the North. Everything from glass to paper to machinery changed in the face of rapidly-evolving manufacturing processes.

1. banking
   drama
2. religion

In the first half of the 19th century, a Protestant revival took hold of the country in the Second Great Awakening. Millions of Americans were swept up in the religious fervor, which affected culture and politics in every corner of the country.

1. Baptists
   Muslims
2. Methodists

Muslims, of course, were pretty rare in American during Antebellum days. But Methodists and Baptists were really caught up in the Awakening, which often had a supernatural bent.

1. True
2. False

Newspapers cost just a few cents in this era, but that was too much for most Americans. Only the wealthy had access to hot-off-the-presses printed news.

1. penny papers
   oil rags
2. National Enquirer

In the 1830s, some editors got smarter, producing cheaper newspapers called "penny papers." The trend was made possible thanks to steam-powered printing presses.

1. He led a rebellion.
   He ran for president.
2. He married a white woman.

In August 1831, a Virginian slave named Nat Turner led a rebellion that killed nearly 70 (mostly white) people. The rebellion went on for days. Turner was caught two months later and then executed, his body gruesomely dismembered as a warning to other would-be rebels.

1. up to 200
   up to 2,000
2. about 20,000

Following the Turner uprising, whites were paranoid and wicked. They killed as many as 200 innocent slaves in hopes of deterring or disrupting other plans for rebellions.

1. alcohol
   witchcraft
2. opium

The temperance movement addressed the issue of alcohol dependence in America. The movement gradually gained followers throughout the 19th century and then gave rise to Prohibition in the 20th century.

1. violence
   women
2. beer

Brown was an adamant abolitionist who was tired of political games. He took up arms and led groups of men in violent attacks against slavery's supporters, and he led a famous raid on a federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry in 1859, an act for which he was hanged.

1. Canada
   Mexico
2. Britain

In 1846, territorial disputes with Mexico led to the Mexican-American War. The United States won, a fact that played into Polk's rhetoric of westward expansion.

1. secede
   split into three entities
2. explode

In 1860, after years of rising tensions, South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union. The Civil War was on the immediate horizon, signaling the end of the Antebellum era.

1. about $500
   about $23,000
2. about $200,000

Just before the war, slave prices spiked, to around $23,000, a hefty sum even for plantation owners. There were about 4 million slaves in the country when the war began.

1. to return escaped slaves to their owners
   to set all slaves free
2. to send all slaves to federal prisons

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was a law passed by Congress -- it essentially meant that all runaway slaves must be returned to their masters. The law actually bolstered the abolition movement in the North.

1. It sparked the spread of many diseases.
   It bankrupted most of the country.
2. It fostered westward expansion.

In the late 1840s, gold was discovered in California, and a crush of people rushed to the frontier in hopes of striking it rich. Not many found gold, but their settlements dramatically accelerated the settling of the West.

1. Prohibition
   Reconstruction
2. the New Deal

As the embers of the Civil War died out, the South was nothing but ashes. The Reconstruction Era began, and it would be decades before regular folks in the South found any semblance of normal life.